Gain staging is an essential part of recording with XLR microphones. It involves setting and managing audio levels throughout your signal chain to achieve clean, distortion-free recordings.
Proper gain staging ensures clarity and headroom, while poor gain staging can introduce distortion, noise, or weak signal levels.
Setting Input Levels
- Start with your preamp gain set low
- Gradually increase gain while monitoring your input levels
- Avoid clipping, which causes harsh distortion
- Aim for peaks between -12 dB and -6 dB to allow headroom
Tip:
- If more gain is needed, move the microphone closer to the source
- Avoid relying solely on increasing preamp gain
Check the Signal Chain
- Ensure each device in the chain is set to appropriate levels
- This includes compressors, EQs, mixers, and audio interfaces
- Avoid hitting the red zone on any meter
Note:
- Each device has its own optimal operating range
- Overdriving any stage can introduce distortion
Monitor Your Audio
- Monitor levels before the signal reaches your DAW or recorder
- Listen using headphones while adjusting gain
- If you hear distortion or noise, reduce gain or adjust mic placement
Important:
- Distortion caused during recording cannot be fully fixed in post-production
- Always prioritise clean input levels at the source
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